DuPont Teflon® and Whitford Xylan® coatings can adhere to almost any material (e.g. Metal, Plastic, Glass) as long as surface is made rough first. Besides preventing corrosion their non-stick properties are very useful in food processing machines and cooking utensils that do not exceed 204° C

Carbon Steel Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
G10100 1010 --- 52.9 44.2 Fasteners, structural and power transmission components Can be hardened to RHB 60.
G10200 1020 J412 60.9 50.8 Shafts, lightly stressed gears, hard wearing surfaces, pins, chains and case hardened parts where core strength is not critical. RHB 68
G11170 1117 --- 61.6 41.3 Machinable material that is easy on tools Can be surface hardened to RHB 68
G10450 1045 J1397 90 77 Often used for bolts, studs, and shafts. Medium Hard (RHB 88), can be hardened to RHC 60
G41400 4140 J404 95 60.2 Gears, axles, shafts, collects and die holders. Medium Hard (RHB 90)
G10950 1095 --- 96.5 55.1 Suitable for making springs and cutting tools. RHB 91, visit matweb for more info.
Sacrificial coating: zinc and chrome plating prevents galvanic corrosion. Active Barrier: zinc and aluminium coating slowdown corrosion by a factor of 10. Passive Barrier: If surface is not expected to suffer abrasion use powder coating, liquid paint.

Alloy Steel Chart (Chomium, Cobalt, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Tungsten, Vanadium, Chomium-Vanadium)
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
G41300 4130 J404 81.2 66.7 Aircraft parts, machine tools, hydraulic tools, ball bearings RHB 95, visit matweb for more info.
G41400 4140 J404 95 60.2 Gears, axles, shafts, sprokets, spindles, collects and die holders. Medium Hard (RHB 90)
G43400 4340 J404 108 68.2 Piston pins, bearings, ordnance, gears, dies, pressure vessels RHB 95, visit matweb for more info.
G61500 6150 J404 97.2 60.2 Automotive leaf springs; also valve springs, piston rods, pump parts, and spline shafts RHB 92, visit matweb for more info.
G86200 8620 J404 76.9 55.8 medium-strength applications including gears, camshafts, fasteners, and chains/chain pins RHB 80, visit matweb for more info.
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Stainless Steel Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
S30100 301 301 185 142 Springs, fasteners, truck, trailer, subway cars. Not heat treatable, Hard (RHC 42)
S31600 316 316 80 30 pharmaceutical, food, surgical, sea water equipment, etc. Not heat treatable, Medium Hard (RHB 92)
S30400 304 304 90.1 42.1 Dairy/food processing equip, etc. A2 SS, 18-8 (18% chromium, 8% nickel), RHB 82
S44004 440A 440A 254 186 Medical instruments, turbine components, swords, knives, bearings RHB 95
S17400 630 --- 135 105 Propeller shafts, pump shafts, pins, valve spindles, jet engine parts, missile fittings. Corrosion similar to 304. 17-4PH, Hard (RHC 32), can be hardened at relatively low temperatures to RHC 44.
Generally Stainless Steel does not require coating if surfaces are smooth and crevice/cracks free. Avoid contact with chlorine as found in bleach or salt.

Tool Steel Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
T72301 W1 --- 224 218 Cold Heading,Cutting tools and knives, Embossing, Reamers and Cutlery. Can be hardened up to RHC 50-51.
T31501 O1 --- -- -- Knife blades, Arbors, Bushing, Chasers (Thread Cutting), Collets, Die Blanking, Cold Forming, Cold Trimming, Drill Bushing, Gages, Knurling Tools. Can be hardened up to RHC 65.
T30102 A2 J437 -- -- Arbors, Cams, Die Bending, Blanking, Coining, Embossing, Cold Forming, Lamination, Cold Swaging, Cold Trimming, Gages, Chipper Knives, Cold Shear knives, Woodworking Knives, Lathe Center Knives. Medium Hard (RHB 89), can be hardened up to RHC 65.
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Aluminium Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
A92014 --- --- 27 14 Heavy duty forgings, plate, and extrusions for aerospace fittings, wheels, tanks, and major structural components, heavy duty automotive frame and suspension componentry. 2014 exhibits poor corrosion resistance for an aluminium alloy, Soft (Brinell 45).
A92024 --- --- 60 45 Aircraft fittings, gears and shafts, bolts, clock parts, computer parts, couplings, fuse parts, hydraulic valve bodies, missile parts, munitions, nuts, pistons, rectifier parts, worm gears, fastening devices, veterinary and orthopedic equipment, structures. Medium Hard (HRB 78).
A96061 --- --- 45 40 Aircraft fittings, camera lens mounts, couplings, marines fittings and hardware, electrical fittings and connectors, decorative or misc. hardware, hinge pins, magneto parts, brake pistons, hydraulic pistons, appliance fittings, valves and valve parts; bike frames. Medium Hard (RHB 60).
A95052 --- --- 33 28 Aircraft fuel/oil lines, fuel tanks, other transportation areas, sheet metal work, appliances and lighting, wire, and rivets. Soft (Brinell 60).
Aluminium finishes can include Anodizing, pure AL cladding...Mercury destroys Aluminum!

Titanium Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
R56400 --- --- 130 120 Blades, discs, rings, airframes, fasteners, components. Vessels, cases, hubs, forgings. Biomedical implants. Young's Mod.: 16500 ksi (tension) 6100 ksi (torsion), Density: 0.16 lbs/in^3, Very good welding properties, heat treatable, RHC 33.
R54520 --- --- 120 115 Airframes, gas turbine and jet engine components, liquid gas and propellant containment for rockets and space vehicles. Good weldability, stability and strength at elevated temperatures. Young's Mod.: 16000 ksi, Density: 0.162 lbs/in^3, RHC 34
R56320 --- --- 89 72 Aircraft ducting, tubing, hydraulic systems, watches, eye glass frames, sea vessel components, athletic equipment. Young's Mod.: 14500 ksi, Density: 0.162 lbs/in^3, RHC 24
Titanium in contact with itself or other metals exhibits a greater tendency to gall than does stainless steel. All scratches deeper than the finish produced by 180-grit emery should be removed by sanding.

Bronze (Copper + Tin) Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
C93200 --- 660 34.8 18.1 Nonporous, cast material makes hard, strong, and abrasion-resistant bearings with excellent resistance to shock loads (suddenly applied loads) and wear. Young's Mod.: 14500 ksi, Density: 0.323 lbs/in^3, Brinell 65.
C95400 --- --- 74.7 29.7 Pump/boat impellers, bearings, gears, worms, bushings, valve seats and guides, rolling mill slippers, slides, nonsparking hardware. Young's Mod.: 16000 ksi, Density: 0.269 lbs/in^3, RHB 83
Bronze is resistant to salt water and great for sculptures, bells and cymbals.

Brass (Copper + Zinc) Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
C46400 --- --- 58 25 Aircraft turnbuckle barrels, balls, bolts, marine hardware, nuts, propeller shafts, rivets, valve stems, condenser plates, welding rod. Young's Mod.: 14500 ksi, Density: 0.304 lbs/in^3, RHB 56.
C34200 --- --- 53 24 Gears, wheels, nuts, plates for clocks, keys, bearing cages, engraver's plates. Young's Mod.: 15200 ksi, Density: 0.31 lbs/in^3, RHF 78
Decorative applications; Low-friction applications (locks, doorknobs, ammunition, valves); Plumbing/electronics; Musical instruments; Zippers and uses where it's important to negate spark (fittings & tools around explosive gas). Because of its germicidal and antibacterial properties many objects in hospitals are made of brass. Ammonia destroys Brass!

Plastics Chart
Standard Institution Number Minimum Strength Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
Nylon --- --- 9.4-28.5 6.5-15.2 Plastic gears, carrying cases, flex hoses, pipe fittings, sewing thread, ropes, kitchen utensiles, wire connectors, etc. --
POM --- --- -- 10.4 Good dimensional stability in high precision molding and flexibility of design. From auto parts to innovative new medical devices. Delrin 100® brand
PET --- --- 0.3-13.1 6.8-13.1 Transparent guards (PET-G) for vending machines, displays, etc. some grades are FDA approvedDo not use bevel head screws, only hex or cylindrical with washer. see VIVAK, Ertalyte (PET-P) Brand
UHMW PE --- -- 5.8 Bullet proof vests, boat hulls, plastic bearings, plastic knives, FDA contact parts, seals, etc. TIVAR® Hardness shore D 66
HDPE --- 2.2-6.53 0.39-29 Carts, pipes, bins, FDA food containers, jugs for detergents, household cleaners, bleach, etc. --
PVC --- 0.21-8.56 0.23-7.54 Polyesther clothing, pipes, containers for food, cosmetics, etc. Hardness shore D 34-89
ABS --- 0.38-10.6 0.29-11.2 Helmets, tubes, car panels, etc. --
PUR --- 0.21-8.56 0.23-7.54 Flexible elastomer, cold casted parts, etc. Hardness shore D 50-85
Plastics are susceptible to solar radiation. For cleaning, abrasive or strongly alkaline detergents, solvents, leaded benzine and carbon tetrachloride should not be used. Plastics can be decorated by painting, silk screening or hot stamping. Plastics can be coated with copper for EMI/RFI shielding applications

Composite Materials Chart
Standard Institution Number Other Designer's Notes
UNS AISI SAE Sut (kpsi) Sy (kpsi) Applications Other
FR-4 --- --- -- -- Printed circuit boards flame retardant, near 0% water absorbent.
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